Inflammation of the eyelid in a dog (Blepharitis)

Eye diseases have not spared our smaller brothers either. Blepharitis in dogs is quite common. The disease is an inflammation of the ciliary edge of the eyelids and is accompanied by swelling, redness and itching. It can be complicated by inflammation of the so-called meibomian glands - small glands on the edges of the eyelids that produce an oily secretion. This fluid serves to lubricate the surface of the sclera and protects the eyes from drying out. Blepharitis disrupts this process, causing eye irritation. The dog feels a constant burning sensation, squints in bright light and often rubs his eyes, which further worsens his condition.
The disease can be complicated by conjunctivitis, keratitis, and blurred vision. And if unfavorable, it leads to complete blindness. In this article we will look at the causes, types, main symptoms, as well as methods of treatment and prevention of this disease.

Causes of the disease

There are many reasons for the development of blepharitis. They are divided into two large groups:

Infectious blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids caused by a bacterial infection, as well as fungal or mite-borne microorganisms.
Non-infectious - can be congenital, traumatic, allergic. It may have another origin.

Infectious blepharitis

Bacterial blepharitis is the most common. Their main cause is a staphylococcal or streptococcal infection that affects the eyelids. Inflammation of the eyelids can be primary or secondary if its source is not in the eye itself, but somewhere nearby (ears, oral cavity, skin). This type of blepharitis is dangerous due to the occurrence of diffuse abscesses, which are very difficult to treat.
The source of tick-borne blepharitis is parasitic infection of the skin, hair follicles or sebaceous glands. A typical example of such a disease is demodicosis or red scabies.
Fungal blepharitis or mycosis of the eyelids is quite common. It may be caused by long-term antibiotic therapy, the use of corticosteroids, as well as autoimmune disorders. This type of disease is very difficult to diagnose and equally difficult to treat.

Non-infectious blepharitis

Traumatic blepharitis. This type of inflammation of the eyelids occurs against the background of mechanical damage to the eyes (cuts or bruises of the eyes, dust) or eye burns (chemical or thermal).
Congenital blepharitis. They are caused by congenital pathologies of the development of the eyelids (entropion of the eyelids, the presence of an extra row of eyelashes growing inside the eye).
The disease can occur in dogs with a breed predisposition. Dogs with an unusual type of muzzle are most predisposed to the disease: short (brachycephalic) or elongated (dolichocephalic). The first group includes bulldogs, mastiffs, Pekingese, and the second, respectively, hounds, collies, pinschers and others. This is something to consider when purchasing a puppy.
Allergic blepharitis. If a dog's eyes are very sensitive to various types of irritants (food, medications, insect bites, flowering plants), then the allergic reaction is expressed in the form of inflammation of the eyelids. Endogenous allergization of the body due to various problems of the gastrointestinal tract or kidneys can lead to a change in the quality of lubrication produced by the meibomian glands, which will increase the risk of meibomian blepharitis.
Benign or malignant neoplasms localized in the eyelid area are the most dangerous cause of blepharitis. In this case, there is often a need for a radical solution, since only by removing the eye can the dog’s life be saved.

Causes

Blepharitis in dogs can occur due to allergic reactions, congenital pathologies, various viral and bacterial infections. Thus, the cause of bilateral inflammation of the eyelids is an anomaly characterized by an additional ciliary row.

Most often, blepharitis is diagnosed in brachycephalic dogs. Due to the short muzzle and the abundance of folds, inflammatory processes in the eyes affect such animals more often.

In addition to congenital anomalies and allergies, the causes of blepharitis in dogs are:

dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract;
pathological processes of the skin;
disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine system (hormonal imbalances);
taking hormonal medications (glucocorticosteroids);
functional disorders of metabolic processes.

Inflammation can affect the inner part of the mucous membrane of the eyelid, or can be localized in the outer part. Where the follicles, connective tissue membrane and meibomian glands are located.

The reasons for the development of blepharitis can be large accumulations of dust in the living room, as well as staphylococcal infection.

The most common diagnosis in veterinary medicine is infectious blepharitis. This type of disease is provoked by pathogenic fungal microorganisms, bacteria and viruses.

Inflammation in the eyelids is detected with systemic infection by the subcutaneous mite - demodicosis. Dogs of brachycephalic breeds are also predisposed to the development of pathology. Some other breeds are Shih Tzu, English and French bulldogs, Labradors, poodles, collies, Rottweilers and Pekingese.

In order to prevent the development of complications, the dog owner must promptly notice the characteristic symptoms inherent in the development of blepharitis.

Learn about other common eye diseases in dogs >>>

What actions should owners take if their dog gets blepharitis?

Naturally, at the slightest suspicion of problems with the animal’s visual organs, especially if it is already of advanced age and has a number of internal diseases, you need to take it to the veterinarian and not self-medicate.

The veterinarian will diagnose the animal and prescribe a course of medications, which must be strictly adhered to.

To prevent the animal from scratching the already inflamed eyelids with its claws, leading to an even greater spread of the infection, you will need to put a specially configured cardboard collar on the dog so that it does not interfere with eating and drinking, but also prevents the dog from scratching the affected area.

In addition to the prescribed treatment, you can wash the dog’s eyelids with a warm infusion of disinfectant herbs to cleanse dried pus and crusts.

Owners should not forget that with this disease the dog must adhere to a strict diet, since harmful foods can cause an exacerbation of symptoms.

Why does blepharospasm occur in dogs?

The causes are other pathologies that are not always related to ophthalmology. Thus, some animals suffer from eyelid spasms after stressful situations: exhibitions, long travels, veterinary examinations, etc. After the return of mental harmony, the symptoms of blepharospasm in the dog disappear.

The second non-ophthalmological reason is disruptions in the functioning of the nervous system due to traumatic brain injuries and intoxications. The pathology can be temporary, but in some animals it persists for life, depending on the degree and nature of the damage.

Also among the causes of blepharospasm in dogs are the following problems.

Mechanical effect on the eyeball. This could be a foreign body, abnormal growth of eyelashes (inward, towards the eye), inversion of the eyelid, due to which the eyelashes and the eyelid itself constantly injure the mucous membrane.
Blepharitis. With this disease, the eyelids become very inflamed. The process also affects nerve endings.
Neuritis. Inflammation of the facial (trigeminal) nerve may cause involuntary muscle contractions, including the eyelids.
Inflammation of the ears. They are sometimes accompanied by compression of the nerves by surrounding tissues.
Neoplasms in the skull. They can also cause nerve damage.
Breed predisposition. The problem concerns only purebred animals, especially chow-chows, sharpeis, Saint Bernards, spaniels, bulldogs, Rottweilers, retrievers, miniature poodles, and mastiffs. Mixed breeds and mongrels, as a rule, do not have such problems. It also happens that blepharospasm in dogs is the body’s protective reaction to pain (protective blepharospasm). Sometimes it develops against the background of infectious, viral, vascular eye diseases.

Types of disease

Blepharitis is classified according to several criteria.

Based on the localization of the inflammatory process, we can distinguish:

Anterior edge - when only the ciliary edge of the eyelid is involved in the painful process.
Posterior marginal is said to occur when the meibomian glands and surrounding tissues are inflamed.
Angular or angular - indicates the localization of inflammation mainly in the corners of the eyes.
Mixed involves all the tissues of the eye, as well as the skin and surrounding muscles.

Based on the characteristics of clinical signs, the following forms of the disease are distinguished:

Simple. It has mild symptoms - moderate redness of the dog's eyelids, thickened edges, whitish secretion in the corners of the eye.
Scaly. The edges of the eyelids are thicker. It can be recognized by the characteristic scales of the epidermis, which are located at the base of the eyelashes.
Ulcerative. This is a purulent form of the disease. Crusts of dried pus on the eyelids form painful ulcers after removal. Inflammation is accompanied by loss of eyelashes, severe itching and pain. After the ulcerations heal, scars form on the eyelids, interfering with the normal growth of eyelashes.
Meibomian. It occurs as a consequence of hyperfunction of the meibomian glands. Excess secretion becomes a breeding ground for the development of pathogenic microflora. The disease can be complicated by a purulent course.
Furunculous or phlegmous also has a name - barley. The most characteristic signs are the appearance of one or more abscesses along the edge of the eyelids, on the eyelash line, which open over time. This is the most dangerous type of disease, as it can have a dangerous life-threatening complication - sepsis.

Types and symptoms

The most common types of blepharitis in dogs are:

Scaly or simple. The edges of the eyelids become hyperemic and thickened, exudate settles on the bases of the eyelashes, dries out, and grayish scales form, after which ulcers form after they fall off.
Ulcerative develops as a continuation of scaly. The eyelashes fall out, the exposed surface itches, the dog scratches it. After healing, scars form on which eyelashes do not grow. The skin and fur around the affected area become discolored.
Meibomian, or internal barley, is characterized by inflammation of the sebaceous glands, which produces abundant exudate. Inflammation spreads to the tissues of the eye. When the gland is blocked, a rough formation is formed on the inner surface of the eyelid - a hailstone or chalazion.
Furunculous, or phlegmonous, resembles human barley, only multiple. The cavities open up and purulent inflammation of the eye occurs. Animals with weakened immune systems develop sepsis.

Main symptoms

Each type of blepharitis has its own set of characteristic symptoms. But there are signs that are inherent in any form of the disease. These include the following:

swelling and redness of the eyelids;
severe itching and burning;
photophobia;
lacrimation;
thickening of the diseased eyelid.

Sometimes these symptoms are accompanied by so-called blepharospasm. This is a reflex spasm or painful tension in the muscles surrounding the inflamed eye.

Purulent and ulcerative blepharitis is characterized by discharge with purulent contents and accumulation of purulent exudate in the corners of the eyes.

Symptoms

Each form of blepharitis in dogs has its own characteristic symptoms, but there are also general signs of the disease:

Swelling and severe redness of the eyelids;
Soreness;
Photophobia;
Profuse lacrimation;
Thickening of the skin of the affected eyelid;
Reflex spasm of the muscles surrounding the eyes;
Dried crusts of pus on the eyelids and accumulations of purulent masses in the corners of the eyes;
Lethargy, apathy.

At the first appearance of symptoms of the disease, it is necessary to urgently consult a specialist; home treatment can aggravate the pet’s condition.

Treatment of the disease

The choice of treatment regimen for the disease depends on the cause that caused it. It is important to correctly diagnose and treat the primary disease. Otherwise, relapses will follow one after another. A veterinarian-ophthalmologist prescribes a course of treatment and monitors its progress.

How is blepharitis treated?

Treatment of blepharitis in dogs is carried out with topical substances.

Consider the treatment regimen for blepharitis:

Crusts with pus must first be softened and then removed. You will need a cotton pad, which is dipped in sodium chloride solution or use a solution of Furacilin tablets. Then the cotton wool is applied to the eyelid. After the crusts have become soft, you can easily remove them with gauze;
To relieve the inflammatory process, you need to apply Hydrocortisone and Dexamethasone ointment up to three times a day.

Ointment for blepharitis in dogs is an excellent remedy that kills pathogenic microorganisms. Use Tetracycline or Erythromycin ointment. The product is used up to three times throughout the day.

When the cause of this phenomenon is a tumor, then it is no longer possible to do without an surgical method. Metronidazole gel is used to eliminate parasites (ticks).

Blepharitis can develop against the background of other diseases. When inflammation of the eyelids occurs due to allergies, any contact of the dog with the allergen must be excluded. Then the doctor will prescribe a treatment regimen.

In order to cure the disease faster, together with pharmaceutical substances, the veterinarian will recommend treating blepharitis in dogs at home. You can wash your eyes with herbal decoctions or a saline solution. Lotions made from medicinal plants are also considered effective in treatment. Let's look at the main recipes:

Before using eye drops, you must first rinse them with sodium chloride solution (saline). Wet the cotton wool in the solution and wash the eyelid. You need to wash it properly. The direction should be from the inner corner towards the temple;
A saline solution is considered effective for cleansing. To prepare it you need to take 1 tsp of salt. and add it to a glass of water (250 ml). Stir all contents well. Use a soaked cotton swab to wipe your eyes every three hours or as discharge accumulates;
You can rinse or make a compress using tea leaves. Cotton pads are dipped into the tea leaves and the eyes are washed. Compresses are made in such a way that the eyelid is closed. You need to keep the lotions for no more than twenty minutes. It is preferable to perform the procedure while the dog is sleeping;
Chamomile is also a medicinal plant. You need to take up to three tablespoons. chamomile and fill it with a glass of water (250 ml). Chamomile decoction is infused for about 60 minutes. Then the tincture is filtered and the eyes are washed in the morning and evening;
Can be used to wash cornflowers. Take up to two teaspoons of cornflower and pour a glass of boiled water. The tincture should brew and cool. Then the resulting broth must be filtered. You can wash your dog's eyes up to twice a day;
Marshmallow root. To make it, you need to take six grams of powder and add a glass of boiling water. We brew the plant for up to ten hours. We wash the dog’s eyes with the resulting infusion twice a day.

You can use folk remedies for treating blepharitis only after consulting a veterinarian. When treating blepharitis, strictly follow your veterinarian's recommendations.

Keratitis

Inflammation of the cornea of the eye. Occurs as a result of exposure to various factors. Sometimes it is a consequence of conjunctivitis.

According to its form, keratitis is divided into ulcerative and deep. According to the symptoms of this eye disease in dogs, one can observe blepharospasm, increased lacrimation, purulent or hemorrhagic discharge, pain, increased vascularization of the cornea, its clouding, and the appearance of ulcerations. Treatment must be carried out as quickly as possible and taking into account both the severity and etiological factors.

Among other things, it is worth highlighting breed-specific diseases of the cornea of dogs, manifested by keratitis.

Shepherd keratitis

Occurs after the age of 24 months and has a hereditary predisposition. This disease manifests itself as chronic superficial keratitis, which is characterized by gray-white turbidity and the formation of a red granulation shaft. In addition to eye damage, this pathology may cause ulceration of the inner corner of the eye fissure, pemphigus and prolapse of the third eyelid.

Treatment includes the use of eye ointments with the hormone, but it is temporary and should stop the manifestations of the disease and the period of relapses.

Dachshund keratitis

This is also a disease of autoimmune origin, however, some researchers associate its occurrence with the presence of the herpes virus in the dog’s body. Meanwhile, this hypothesis still does not have a sufficient evidence base.

The disease occurs in several stages, each of which has its own characteristics. At the first stage, local irritation and spot opacities are observed. In the second, superficial vascularization of the cornea and pannus formation are additionally diagnosed. At the third stage, the cornea becomes gray-pink and loses transparency.

Ointments and drops containing glucocorticoids and antibiotics are also used as treatment.

Treatment for red eyes in dogs

Since red whites of the eyes in animals can cause very serious diseases (for example, oncology), it is better to treat red eyes in a dog after visiting a veterinary clinic
. However, you can also try to help your dog at home:

Place a protective collar around the animal's neck. Often, inflamed red eyes are extremely itchy. Therefore, the dog may try to scratch them with his paw, which is quite dangerous;
The dog's eyes should be rinsed with plenty of clean and cool running water (the recommended duration of the procedure is at least 10-15 minutes);
A decoction of chamomile (or other plants with anti-inflammatory effects) and cooled tea leaves are good for relieving inflammation;
Drops for animals “Tsiprovet”, “IRIS”, “Desacid” will help relieve redness and relieve your pet of pain in the eyes;
You can drop ophthalmic drops “Artificial tear”, “Natural tear”, “Diamond eyes” into the animal’s eyes (the last of these drugs is preferable, since the product was created specifically for animals);
Treatment for red eyes in dogs often involves the use of 1% Tetracycline Eye Ointment, an antibiotic that relieves inflammation;
If the whites of the dog’s eyes are red, and the pet continually tries to relieve the itching with his paw, antihistamines (Zodak, Zyrtec, Suprastin, etc.) can help;
When an animal experiences not only unpleasant itching in the eye, but also pain (for example, after an injury), you can use a 2% Novocaine solution (instilled directly into the conjunctival sac).

The above steps to help a dog with red eyes are, perhaps, all that can be done on your own, before consulting a specialist. If the animal’s eye condition does not improve after a day or two, a visit to the clinic should be made immediately, especially if
:

There is discharge of blood or pus from the animal's eyes;
Every day or even hour the condition of the dog’s eyes worsens (for example, if in the morning the dog simply squints, and by the evening he can no longer open his eyes at all, etc.);
If, in addition to protein hyperemia, alarming symptoms are observed (diarrhea, vomiting, temperature fluctuations, refusal to eat, etc.).

Prevention of the disease

Measures to prevent blepharitis are aimed at maintaining the dog’s general condition at a high level. They consist of regular diagnosis and timely elimination of all sources of inflammation in the body. Equally important are proper nutrition, proper rest, and sufficient physical activity. It is necessary to monitor the hygiene of the dog’s resting place and wash its dishes in a timely manner. It is important to rid your dog of helminths and skin parasites in a timely manner.

With good and timely treatment, the prognosis of the disease is favorable. In most cases, vision can be preserved. But sometimes, with a prolonged chronic course and repeated relapses, a deterioration in visual function can occur.

Blepharitis refers to an inflammatory process affecting a dog's eyelids. This is a common pathology found in animals of various breeds.

General information about blepharitis in dogs

An inflammatory process occurs.

The dog's eyelids are affected.

A possible cause is allergies.

The inflammatory process almost always affects both layers of the outer eyelids. In some cases, it spreads to the inner layer and affects the conjunctiva.

The outer layer of the eyelid consists of:

Meimobian glands.
Muscle
Connective tissue.

The fatty secretion, which is a lubricant for the eyelids and organs of vision, is produced by the meimobian glands.

Reasons for the development of pathology

A possible cause of development is genetic disorders.

Blepharitis develops against the background of:

inflammatory pathologies;
proliferation of neoplasms;
infectious pathologies;
allergies;
genetic disorders.

Congenital pathologies of the eyelids

Blepharitis can be caused by entropion of the eyelid and distichiasis, an abnormal development of eyelashes.

The dog has an entropion of the third eyelid.

Another cause of the development of this disease is trichiasis. With this pathology, eyelashes can grow inward.

Muzzle shape

The development of blepharitis is observed in animals with folds on the muzzle.

Dogs with narrow, long and flattened muzzles are at risk . Animals with convex organs of vision are also prone to developing blepharitis.

Dogs with bulging eyes are at risk.

Allergic reaction

Some forms of blepharitis are triggered by an allergic reaction to certain foods and insect bites. Infections of a bacterial nature provoke the occurrence of local abscesses of the eyelid glands.

Blepharitis can develop due to infection.

Sometimes a dog develops “staphylococcal hypersensitivity.”

Another reason is an infection that has entered the dog’s body.

Other provoking factors

Dermatitis is one of the provocateurs of the disease.

Blepharitis progresses based on:

diabetes mellitus;
Cushing's syndrome;
endocrine pathologies;
dermatitis;
eating disorder;
scabies caused by tick bites;
eating disorders.

If the root cause cannot be determined, “idiopathic blepharitis” is diagnosed.

Risk group

Special attention to Labrador dogs!

Blepharitis is diagnosed in:

Rottweilers.
Chow-chow.
Poodles.
Labradors.
Golden retrievers.
Pugs.
English bulldogs.
Pekingese.
Shih Tzu.

Blepharitis is often diagnosed in Rottweiler dogs.

Blepharitis in dogs

Blepharitis is a disease characterized by inflammation in the eyelid area of a dog.
The causes of the development of pathology can be all kinds of pathogenic bacterial microorganisms, fungi, or allergic reactions. The dog owner's task is to contact a veterinarian as soon as possible. Failure to provide timely assistance to your pet can cause complications, one of which is vision impairment.

With blepharitis, the outer layer of the skin is often inflamed. It is not uncommon that the pathological process spreads to the mucous part, causing conjunctivitis. Quite quickly in the eye area, one disease turns into another, more complex one, provoking corresponding changes and symptoms.

Most often, blepharitis is diagnosed in brachycephalic dogs. Due to the short muzzle and the abundance of folds, inflammatory processes in the eyes affect such animals more often.

In addition to congenital anomalies and allergies, the causes of blepharitis in dogs are:

dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract;
pathological processes of the skin;
disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine system (hormonal imbalances);
taking hormonal medications (glucocorticosteroids);
functional disorders of metabolic processes.

Inflammation can affect the inner part of the mucous membrane of the eyelid, or can be localized in the outer part. Where the follicles, connective tissue membrane and meibomian glands are located.

The reasons for the development of blepharitis can be large accumulations of dust in the living room, as well as staphylococcal infection.

The most common diagnosis in veterinary medicine is infectious blepharitis. This type of disease is provoked by pathogenic fungal microorganisms, bacteria and viruses.

In order to prevent the development of complications, the dog owner must promptly notice the characteristic symptoms inherent in the development of blepharitis.

Lens luxation

Lens luxation is a partial or complete displacement of it from the hyaloid canal, where it is normally located. After a ligament rupture, the pupil becomes deformed and moves to the side, and the eyeball may also become deformed.

Dislocation occurs due to genetic predisposition, as well as as a complication of infections and injuries, glaucoma and cataracts. It often leads to complete loss of vision, and is therefore considered a very serious disease.

Main causes of redness

The sudden appearance of redness is due to pathological or non-hazardous reasons. In the first case, complex treatment is required to normalize the condition, and in the second, it is enough to simply eliminate the irritating factor.

Those at risk include those with long hair, bug-eyed and folded breeds. Due to the peculiarities of their appearance, these animals are more often than others exposed to negative external factors - and suffer from pathologies of the visual organs.

Injury or foreign object

Four-legged pets damage the cornea or deeper layers of the eyeball during excessive scratching, playing and fighting. Also, the integrity of the mucous membrane can be disrupted by a foreign object stuck there: dust, a blade of grass, plant seeds and even your own eyelashes.

Redness can also be caused by a head injury resulting from an accident or a rough blow. In this case, hyperemia is observed on both sides.

Eyeball diseases

If the whites of the dog's eyes are red, it is recommended to check for enophthalmos and exophthalmos. These pathologies are accompanied by retraction or prolapse of the eyeballs. In both cases, the victim requires urgent surgical care.

Other conditions with similar symptoms include keratoconjunctivitis, blocked tear ducts, and glaucoma. They all involve different treatment methods, so don’t rush to solve the problem on your own.

Diseases of the eyelids

This group includes pathologies that change the natural position of the eyelids, inflammatory processes and tumors. These include:

ectropion and entropion, or eversion and inversion of the eyelid;
blepharitis - inflammation of one or both corners of the eyelid;
adenoma of the third century.

Without timely help, these diseases can lead to loss or atrophy of the eyeball, as well as partial or complete loss of vision. Conditions complicated by secondary infections are particularly difficult to tolerate.

Allergy

Hyperemia is a characteristic sign of an allergic reaction. It often occurs when inhaling tobacco smoke, pollen or household chemicals, as well as eating a certain group of foods or medications.

Stress

If a dog has red eyes, then maybe it is just scared. A similar reaction occurs when there is strong anxiety associated with moving, losing an owner, or facing an aggressive opponent. After calming the animal, everything returns to normal, so specific treatment is not usually used in this situation.

Heatstroke

A sudden rush of blood occurs due to overheating in the sun or prolonged exposure to a stuffy room. For this reason, in the warm season it is better to reschedule walks in the early morning or late evening.

Increased load or pressure

Too active loads affect the pressure, causing it to deviate sharply from the norm upward. Also, red eyes in a dog occur due to increased intraocular pressure. It is observed against the background of the development of glaucoma, diabetes mellitus, kidney and heart pathologies.

Infectious diseases

This group includes diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and fungi. These include:

chlamydia;
toxoplasmosis;
leptospirosis;
plague;
viral conjunctivitis and keratitis;
blastomycosis;
histoplasmosis;
cryptococcosis.

Some of these infections are dangerous to humans. If infection is suspected, it is recommended to temporarily isolate your pet.

Helminthiasis

Parasitic nematode worms also cause red eyes in dogs. Typically, the lacrimal apparatus harbors thelaziosis pathogens transmitted by infected flies.

Main types of pathology

The disease has several types.

Blepharitis can be:

scaly;
ulcerative;
meibomian;
furunculous.

Features of the scaly shape

The animal's eyelids become very red. Epidermal scabs appear at the base of the eyelashes. They have a whitish-gray tint. In parallel, conjunctivitis develops.

With the scaly form, the dog simultaneously develops conjunctivitis.

Features of the ulcerative form

The dog's eyelids swell slightly. Purulent crusts form on them, masking a bleeding ulcerative cavity. Loss of the affected hair follicles of the eyelashes is observed.

The edges of the eyelids are rolled up and smoothed out. The dog suffers from itching and excessive lacrimation.

The ulcerative form is expressed by severe itching around the eyes.

Features of the meibomian form

The secretion of the meibomian glands penetrates the conjunctival cavity. An inflammatory process develops there. The edges of the animal's eyelids become thicker. Later, purulent inflammation develops.

In the meibomian form, inflammation of the eyelids occurs.

Features of the furunculous form

The cause is mechanical damage to the eyelid. The dog may hit the eye or scratch it vigorously.

A furunculous form can form if a dog scratches its eye excessively.

This form of blepharitis is characterized by the discharge of pus from the glands.

Forms of blepharitis

Doctors distinguish between two types of blepharitis in dogs. Treatment depends on the diagnosis and stage of the disease:

Scaly blepharitis. Veterinarians often confuse this type of disease with conjunctivitis - the edges of the affected eyelid become rough and scales appear. This type is accompanied by inflammation of the transparent tissue covering the outside of the eyes and the back of the eyelids. This form of inflammation is characterized by excessive filling of the capillaries with blood. Gray-white scales appear at the base of the eyelashes. The skin underneath is hyperemic. This type may appear after conjunctivitis;

Ulcerative inflammation of the eyelids. This form of the disease is characterized by swelling of the edges of the eyelids, with crusts of pus. Ulcers are hidden behind them. When the disease occurs, the sebaceous gland at the root of the eyelash is destroyed. Then the eyelashes fall out. Due to the occurrence of cicatricial changes in the eyelids, their edges are smoothed out. Because of this, the eyelashes begin to grow incorrectly - a condition occurs in which the eyelid is folded towards the eyeball. A condition may occur in which the inner surface of the eyelid turns outward. The eyes are itchy and watery;
Meibomian blepharitis. This form occurs due to increased secretion of the meibomian glands. The secretion of the glands penetrates the thin transparent mucous membrane that covers the entire back surface of the eyelids. This then leads to an inflammatory process, a protracted form of conjunctivitis, and ultimately meibomian blepharitis appears;
Furunculous blepharitis (abscess on the edge of the eyelid). Complete or incomplete inflammation, which appears due to a comb or after bruises. The furunculous form appears with acute or protracted non-contagious inflammatory skin disease. Occasionally, inflammation is localized at the edges in the eyelash area. Severe suppuration of the glands along the edge, on the hair and sebaceous papillae of the eyelashes is often observed.

Meibomian blepharitis in animals

There are many reasons that can cause the formation of the meibomian form of the disease. Let's consider the most basic circumstances of the appearance:

Diseases that are based on the development of immune reactions to the body’s own tissues;
Forms of pulmonary tuberculosis;
Diseases associated with impaired glucose metabolism;
Endocrine system dysfunctions;
Manifestations of an infectious nature;
Caused by bacteria of the genus Streptococcus;
A cavity in the tooth tissue that occurs due to caries;
Decreased immune defense (the body becomes too susceptible to various negative conditions).

Signs of meibomian blepharitis

When examining your dog, your veterinarian will be able to differentiate canine meibomian blepharitis from other types. Based on the following indicators, the meibomian type can be determined:

Formation of yellow blisters on the edge of the eyelids;
Inflammation, itching and burning;
Swelling of the eyelids;
Oily area;
Severe lacrimation;
Eye fatigue;
Light sensitivity;
Loss, abnormal eyelash growth, discoloration.

Uveitis

With uveitis, inflammation of the iris and choroid occurs. This is a rather dangerous disease that can be found in all breeds. With uveitis, the dog's eye first becomes inflamed, followed by photophobia and a sharp decrease in vision. The animal can hardly open its affected eye and tries to hide in the darkness.

Uveitis can occur as a result of infection, bacterial or viral infection, keratitis, trauma, or may be a complication of internal inflammatory diseases.

Only a doctor can diagnose pathology. In its advanced form, uveitis can lead not only to blindness, but also to loss of the eye, which is why it is important to seek help from a specialist in a timely manner.

Associated symptoms

Before going to the veterinary clinic, you should carefully note all accompanying symptoms. With their help, it will be easier for the veterinarian to understand why the dog's eyes turned red.

Depending on the cause, the condition may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

damage to the skin and mucous membranes, bleeding, as well as severe pain;
frequent blinking, photophobia and prolapse of the third eyelid;
an increase in the size of the pupil and loss of its reaction;
drying and inflammation of the conjunctiva;
formation of crusts and ulcers;
local loss of hair and eyelashes;
excessive tearing and the appearance of purulent discharge;
loss of coordination and loss of consciousness;
intense itching, runny nose, sneezing, coughing and shortness of breath;
fever, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.

If you notice at least a few of these symptoms, avoid self-medication and seek help. This will help preserve your pet's vision.

Treatment of blepharitis at home and first aid for a dog

Help for a sick dog is provided according to the following scheme:

Getting rid of purulent crusts.
Relief of the inflammatory process.
Destruction of pathogenic microorganisms.

All forms of this pathology can be cured with the help of local medications.

Purulent crusts and scabs formed on the edges of the eyelids are moistened with water and carefully removed. To enhance the effect, it is recommended to moisten a cotton swab with furatsilin or saline solution. Then the tampon is applied to the sore eyelid. The crusts are removed using a bandage or sterile gauze.
The inflammatory process is stopped with Dexamethasone or Hydrocortisone. These ointments are used as prescribed by a doctor.
Bacteria and other pathogenic microbes are destroyed using erythromycin or tetracycline ointment. The drug is applied to the affected eyelid no more than 3 times/24 hours.

Using a furatsilin solution, purulent crusts are removed.

These ointments can be combined and alternated with calendula infusion, as well as syntomycin and gentamicin ointments. These funds are applied to the affected eyelid. Then the animal’s sore eye must be gently massaged for 5 minutes.

Help with staphylococcal form

If the root cause was staphylococcus, then therapy is prescribed taking into account the dog’s hypersensitivity to a particular drug. It is recommended to daily lubricate the edges of the eyelids with a 1% solution of brilliant green.

For the staphylococcal form, a solution of brilliant green is used.

Help with ulcers

It is necessary to treat the crusts daily with Vaseline oil. It has a soft, gentle effect. After greasing, you need to wait 2-3 minutes, and then carefully separate the crusts.

The edges of the affected eyelid are treated with xeroform or ichthyol ointment. But daily cauterizations are also recommended, but this must be done by a veterinarian.

Ichthyol ointment is used to treat affected eyelids.

Other treatment methods

Surgery is prescribed when the root cause of blepharitis is a tumor.

Before surgery, the nature of the tumor must be determined. If it was malignant, additional treatment is prescribed.

If blepharitis was caused by microscopic mites, then the doctor prescribes the use of Metronidazole gel. The edges of the diseased eyelid should be treated with this product daily.

Metronidazole gel is prescribed if the cause of the disease is microscopic mites.

Treatment

It is prohibited to treat barley in dogs at home. The eyes of an animal (especially a puppy) should be examined by a veterinarian and therapy prescribed.

Boosting immunity

In order for the body to begin to resist infection, it is strengthened.
The animal is prescribed a course of vitamins, enhanced and balanced nutrition, and walks. During the treatment period, the animal should be protected from heavy physical exertion. Severely weakened dogs are prescribed immunostimulants.

Antibiotic ointments

Antibiotics are prescribed for the eyes in the form of ointments. They act locally, speeding up the treatment process.

For barley the following are used:

Tetracycline is a drug in the form of a cream. It destroys pathogenic microorganisms: streptococci, staphylococci, mycoplasmas.
Eye ointment with erythromycin is active against gram-positive bacteria. It is used to treat infectious and inflammatory diseases. The product is applied to the affected area in accordance with the doctor's instructions.
Levomycetin ointment is an antibacterial drug for external use. It is indicated for the treatment of infectious diseases of the skin and mucous membranes, eliminates ophthalmological problems of microbial origin.

The drug destroys microbial infection pathogens and accelerates tissue regeneration.

Drops

Additionally, the veterinarian prescribes topical medications in liquid form – drops. They are easy to use and have a quick effect that appears immediately after application.

Effective for barley:

Tobrex is an antibacterial, fast-acting drug that kills staphylococcal, enterococcal, and streptococcal infections.
Floxal - drops are indicated for inflammation of the conjunctiva of the upper or lower eyelid, lacrimal bursa, and boils.
Albucid is an effective remedy in the form of drops that fights the causative agent of the disease and quickly relieves inflammation.

Treatment is carried out locally until signs of inflammation completely disappear.

Traditional methods

Once the pus comes to the surface of the boil, dry heat can be used. The egg is hard-boiled, wrapped in a dry cloth, and applied to the inflamed area.

To wash the sore eye, use strong, unsweetened tea or infusion of chamomile, St. John's wort, calendula (1 teaspoon of dried flowers per glass of boiling water).

The ruptured cone is treated with ethyl alcohol (70%). They moisten a cotton pad with it and apply it to the inflamed eyelid.

Physiotherapy

In combination with rinsing and applying ointments, other procedures are prescribed.

For this purpose, UHF or tube quartz is prescribed.

Preparation for procedures

Before examination by a veterinarian, applying ointments or using drops, the dog’s eyelids are washed with warm boiled water or chamomile infusion. It is necessary to remove all discharge accumulated in the eye area.

Duration of treatment

Uncomplicated barley goes away in a week or 10 days. Medicines are used until the symptoms of inflammation completely disappear.

Surgical intervention

The internal stye is opened in a veterinary hospital, without waiting for the contents to come out. After the operation, the wound is treated with antiseptics, and further treatment is prescribed.

What is blepharitis, and what are the factors and causes of its development?

There are many reasons why dogs develop blepharitis.

Blepharitis is an inflammatory process that affects a dog's eyelids.

There are many reasons for the development of this disease:

injuries (thermal (burns), mechanical (cuts, bruises, scratches, dust, grains of sand getting into the eye, etc.), chemical (exposure to the eyelid with chemical liquids, gases, etc.));
infectious, parasitic and fungal diseases (pyoderma, barley, ringworm, meibomitis, etc.);
metabolic disorders in the body (diabetes mellitus and other endocrine diseases);
stressful situations (lead to a decrease in immunity, which means any infection can trigger the development of blepharitis);
avitaminosis (lack of vitamins A and C);
allergic reactions;
purulent inflammation in nearby tissues.

Blepharitis can develop due to entropion of the eyelids (the eyelid is turned inward, due to which the eyelashes constantly irritate the mucous membrane and cornea, which leads to inflammation).

Breeds prone to developing blepharitis

Inflammation of the eyelids often occurs in dogs with an unusual muzzle shape (flat, very long, narrow), bulging eyes and folds. These breeds include: pug, shih tzu, pekingese, poodle, chow chow, collie, French and English bulldogs, etc.

Reasons why a dog has red eyes

It is necessary to clarify that red eyes in a dog are not always a symptom of any illness. It is completely safe if the whites turn red, for example, in a sleepy animal. It is important to understand in what cases you should sound the alarm:

Trauma to the head or eyes
- warning signs in such cases in addition to redness - visible enlargement or reduction of the eyeball, pronounced vascular pattern, dilated pupil, severe lacrimation (and sometimes bleeding), squinting, whining;
If a foreign body or chemical substance gets into a dog's eyes
- in these situations, in addition to the fact that the dog's eye is red, the following symptoms will be observed: lacrimation, attempts by the animal to relieve unbearable itching and pain with its paw. The eye area is swollen, it is difficult for the animal to look at the light, sometimes it is impossible to open the eyes at all;
Allergies
- if the dog has red and watery eyes, nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing, itching, heavy breathing, swelling in the eyes and larynx, then the problem may be the body’s reaction to some allergen (food, medications, new shampoo , smoke, etc.);
Viral, fungal or bacterial diseases
- such ailments are among the most important reasons why dogs have red eyes. With conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis, mycoses and other diseases, the following are observed: lacrimation, leakage of purulent exudate from the eye, a feeling of pain or stinging, swelling, swelling of the eyeball, frequent blinking, clouding of the cornea;
Helminth infections
- it happens that a dog's eyes turn red due to the fault of nasty worms, which usually settle in the gastrointestinal tract (the animal experiences stool disorders, vomiting, high fever, weight loss, purulent discharge from the eyes, convulsions). But sometimes parasites directly affect the organs of vision (this happens, for example, with thelaziosis). And then it is generally difficult for the animal to open its eyes, the eyelids stick together from pus, and vision deteriorates sharply;
Hypertension
- with high blood pressure, dogs may have hemorrhages in the eyes, blurred vision, pendulum eye movements, shortness of breath, fainting, obsessive running in circles (the animal tirelessly “cuts circles”);
Anemia
(iron deficiency) – sometimes a dog’s eyes turn red when there is a lack of iron. Other symptoms of anemia in animals are: lethargy, increased pulse, respiratory problems, pallor of the mucous membranes in the mouth, reluctance to eat;
Diabetes mellitus
- with this endocrine disease (Spitz, dachshunds and poodles, older, non-sterilized pets of other breeds are susceptible to it), cataracts often develop, which is expressed in the appearance of a whitish spot on the eye. And from constant fluctuations in glucose levels, vascular damage occurs, which leads to redness. In addition to eye problems, the following symptoms are almost always present: rapid pulse, dry mouth, unpleasant odor when breathing, thirst, diarrhea and vomiting, deterioration of the coat;
Hypothyroidism
- with diseases of the thyroid gland, dogs suffer not only from inflammation of the blood vessels of the eyes, but also from weakness, hypothermia, low pulse, constipation, skin problems, low blood clotting;
Oncology
– with eye tumors in dogs, the following may be observed: red staining of the whites and cornea, asymmetrical pupil, blurred vision, swelling in the eye area.

Briefly about the main thing

Blepharitis is an inflammation of the eyelids, which, if treated incorrectly or untimely, can cause a dog’s vision to deteriorate sharply.
The disease can be infectious or non-infectious.
The furunculous form of blepharitis is dangerous because... can cause serious complications - sepsis.
The most vulnerable are brachycephalic dogs and dogs with a narrow and long muzzle.
Self-treatment with antibiotics can harm the animal.
Treating the symptoms will “eliminate” the disease in the short term; the cause must be addressed.
For prevention, the general condition of the animal should be maintained and deworming/treatment for skin parasites should be carried out in a timely manner.

Types of blepharitis and their symptoms

There are several types of blepharitis in dogs, and each of them has its own symptoms:

Simple blepharitis. This type is characterized by eyelid hyperemia (increased blood flow) and itching, often accompanied by conjunctivitis.
Scaly blepharitis. This species develops 2-3 months after the first signs of the disease appear. The edges of the eyelids thicken, crusts and small scales appear on them, eyelashes partially fall out, and watery eyes are observed.
Purulent and ulcerative blepharitis. The edges of the eyelids swell greatly, begin to fester, after which yellow crusts form. With ulcerative blepharitis, bleeding ulcers appear under these crusts. Eyelashes fall out as the hair follicles are affected. The eyelids itch and there is profuse lacrimation.
Phlegmonous blepharitis. The entire eyelid becomes inflamed, abscesses appear on it, and the body temperature rises due to suppuration.

Advice. All types of blepharitis are accompanied by severe itching. The dog is worried, squinting its eyes, trying to scratch its eyelids. To prevent your pet from injuring itself, it is recommended to wear an Elizabethan collar during the treatment period.

Symptoms of blepharitis in animals

Signs of blepharitis in dogs can be noticed in the early stages. The inflammatory process, as already noted, can affect one or two eyelids at once.

Symptoms of blepharitis in dogs:

Swelling, redness of the eyelids;
Decreased visual function;
Lethargy, apathy;
Frequent blinking;
Photophobia;
Presence of scales along the eyelash growth area;
Discharge from the eyes;
Crusts, scales, small ulcers on the eyelids;
Inadequate reaction of the pupil to light.

Due to severe itching, dogs constantly rub their sore eyes and scratch their eyelids. With severe inflammation, purulent blepharitis, the edges of the eyelids are greatly thickened. The animal cannot open its eyes or, conversely, the affected eye is constantly open. Eyelashes may fall out.

Blepharitis can cause keratitis, uveitis, decreased visual acuity, and conjunctivitis. The chronic form of an ophthalmological disease, if treatment is not started, often leads to partial and complete blindness.

Third eyelid prolapse

Third eyelid prolapse is often called “cherry eye.” The eyeball becomes very swollen and red, the third eyelid loses its tone and protrudes from the edge of the eye. Prolapse rarely occurs in both eyes; more often it affects only one eyelid. The main cause of this disease is infection, although hereditary factors are also common. Third eyelid prolapse most often occurs in bulldogs, spaniels and beagles.

Due to prolapse, the mucous membranes dry out, which can lead to problems with the cornea and conjunctiva. Loss can only be corrected surgically. Before surgery, the dog is prescribed moisturizing eye drops.

Reasons for appearance

Barley begins due to the fact that microbes enter the pores of the eyelash follicle or sebaceous gland. The eyelid can become inflamed as a result of any factor that leads to weakened immunity. These include:

intoxication;
previous cold or infectious disease;
skin infection by fungi;
conjunctivitis;
hypothermia of the dog's body;
poor nutrition and vitamin deficiency;
eye injury;
high dampness in the room where the animal is kept.

Small dogs are most prone to eye diseases.

Important! It must be borne in mind that due to increased infection, inflammation can spread to nearby tissues of the eyelids and eyes.

Treatment of blepharitis in dogs

Blepharitis in dogs is treated with topical medications.

All types of blepharitis in dogs are treated with topical medications. Here is a scheme with which you can overcome the disease:

Purulent crusts and scales on the edges of the eyelids must be carefully soaked and removed. To do this, a cotton pad is moistened with saline solution or Furacilin solution (can be replaced with petroleum jelly) and applied to the eyelid. Soaked crusts are removed with a piece of sterile gauze or bandage.
To relieve inflammation, ointment is applied to the affected area three times a day: Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone.
Tetracycline or Erythromycin ointments are used to combat bacteria and other pathogenic microorganisms. The drug is applied to the sore eyelid three times a day.

If blepharitis was caused by a tumor, it is removed surgically. To destroy parasites (microscopic mites), Metronidazole gel is used, which is used to treat the edges of the eyelid.

Important. Blepharitis can only be a symptom of another disease. If inflammation of the eyelids occurs due to allergies, it is necessary to stop the pet’s contact with the allergen, and only then can treatment begin.

Blepharitis in dogs: causes, types and their symptoms, treatment

Blepharitis is an inflammation of a dog's eyelids. Injuries, fungal and infectious diseases, vitamin deficiencies, etc. can lead to its development. How to recognize blepharitis in time? What treatment regimens exist?

What is blepharitis, and what are the factors and causes of its development?

There are many reasons why dogs develop blepharitis.
Blepharitis is an inflammatory process that affects a dog's eyelids.

There are many reasons for the development of this disease:

injuries (thermal (burns), mechanical (cuts, bruises, scratches, dust, grains of sand getting into the eye, etc.), chemical (exposure to the eyelid with chemical liquids, gases, etc.));
infectious, parasitic and fungal diseases (pyoderma, barley, ringworm, meibomitis, etc.);
metabolic disorders in the body (diabetes mellitus and other endocrine diseases);
stressful situations (lead to a decrease in immunity, which means any infection can trigger the development of blepharitis);
avitaminosis (lack of vitamins A and C);
allergic reactions;
purulent inflammation in nearby tissues.

Blepharitis can develop due to entropion of the eyelids (the eyelid is turned inward, due to which the eyelashes constantly irritate the mucous membrane and cornea, which leads to inflammation).

Breeds prone to developing blepharitis

Types of blepharitis and their symptoms

There are several types of blepharitis in dogs, and each of them has its own symptoms:

Simple blepharitis. This type is characterized by eyelid hyperemia (increased blood flow) and itching, often accompanied by conjunctivitis.
Scaly blepharitis. This species develops 2-3 months after the first signs of the disease appear. The edges of the eyelids thicken, crusts and small scales appear on them, eyelashes partially fall out, and watery eyes are observed.
Purulent and ulcerative blepharitis. The edges of the eyelids swell greatly, begin to fester, after which yellow crusts form. With ulcerative blepharitis, bleeding ulcers appear under these crusts. Eyelashes fall out as the hair follicles are affected. The eyelids itch and there is profuse lacrimation.
Phlegmonous blepharitis. The entire eyelid becomes inflamed, abscesses appear on it, and the body temperature rises due to suppuration.

Advice. All types of blepharitis are accompanied by severe itching. The dog is worried, squinting its eyes, trying to scratch its eyelids. To prevent your pet from injuring itself, it is recommended to wear an Elizabethan collar during the treatment period.

Treatment of blepharitis in dogs

Blepharitis in dogs is treated with topical medications.
All types of blepharitis in dogs are treated with topical medications. Here is a scheme with which you can overcome the disease:

Purulent crusts and scales on the edges of the eyelids must be carefully soaked and removed. To do this, a cotton pad is moistened with saline solution or Furacilin solution (can be replaced with petroleum jelly) and applied to the eyelid. Soaked crusts are removed with a piece of sterile gauze or bandage.
To relieve inflammation, ointment is applied to the affected area three times a day: Hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone.
Tetracycline or Erythromycin ointments are used to combat bacteria and other pathogenic microorganisms. The drug is applied to the sore eyelid three times a day.

If blepharitis was caused by a tumor, it is removed surgically. To destroy parasites (microscopic mites), Metronidazole gel is used, which is used to treat the edges of the eyelid.

Important. Blepharitis can only be a symptom of another disease. If inflammation of the eyelids occurs due to allergies, it is necessary to stop the pet’s contact with the allergen, and only then can treatment begin.

What are the recovery forecasts?

Common types of blepharitis (simple, scaly, ulcerative, purulent) are successfully treated with local antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs. If the disease was caused by a congenital defect of the eyelid, a simple surgical operation is performed, after which a rapid recovery occurs.

Phlegmonous blepharitis can become chronic. If the cause of the disease is an allergy, contact of the pet with the allergen should be excluded, otherwise recovery may not occur.

Blepharitis is a disease that affects your pet's eyelids. It is not transmitted to humans or pets, but it causes discomfort to the dog. If you notice that your pet's eyelid is swollen, red and crusty, contact a veterinary clinic.

Blepharitis, an inflammation of the eyelids, is quite common in dogs. The cause of its occurrence may be injury (a blade of grass or sand caught in the eye), a chemical or thermal burn, penetration of microbes, viruses, or even some parasites.

The reason may also be the animal’s constant presence in a dusty room or outdoors with such conditions. Blepharitis is caused by staphylococcus in dogs; the disease can also develop against the background of bacterial, intestinal, viral and fungal infections, as a result of parasitic diseases (for example, demodicosis) and even due to stomach diseases or elementary vitamin deficiency.

With blepharitis, the inflammatory process begins at the very base of the eyelashes on the edge of the eyelid. The edge swells, and ulcers form on the reddened areas. They become covered with crusts of dried pus. With a long course of the disease, the skin of the eyelids becomes coarser and thicker. Eyelashes and fur may begin to fall out.

Diagnosis and treatment

Anamnesis plays an important informative role in diagnosis. The veterinarian is informed about the duration of the disease, diet, living conditions, and age of the dog. After a clinical examination, the veterinarian takes blood for general and biochemical analysis. If necessary, a tissue sample is taken for histological and microscopic examination, and studies are carried out using test strips.

If problems are detected, the dog owner can wash the dog's eyes with saline solution and take it to the clinic, or call a veterinarian. To prevent the dog from scratching its eyes, wear an Elizabethan collar. You should not use ophthalmic drops yourself. This will distort the pathological picture and make diagnosis difficult.

The treatment strategy is developing in the following directions:

Use of symptomatic drugs.
Elimination of causes.
Diet therapy.
Surgical treatment.

Symptomatic therapy is to alleviate the course of the disease. The eyelids are cleaned of scales and exudate with a gauze cloth moistened with saline solution or ophthalmic drops. Apply eye ointment - tetracycline or erythromycin. The frequency of treatments is determined by the veterinarian.

To eliminate the allergic cause of the disease, antihistamines and anti-inflammatory drugs are used. If a food allergy is established, hypoallergenic veterinary food is prescribed. If Demodex or Sarcoptes mites are detected in the tissues of the eyelid, acaricidal external ointments or gels are used. To activate the body's defenses, immunomodulators are used. If a fungal infection is diagnosed, fungicides are used.

Bringing the diet into compliance with standards is an essential condition for successful treatment. If it is not possible to balance the feed mixture with food and feed additives, purchase premium professional granulated food or higher.

Surgical treatment is indicated for the removal of hailstones and tumors, as well as the correction of congenital anomalies.

Classification of eye diseases

Eye diseases in dogs can occur either independently (primary pathology) or as a complication of any disease, most often provoked by an infectious agent (secondary pathology).

Some pet owners become very frightened when a white, cloudy film (a cataract or leukoma) appears on their pet's eye. Many reasons can provoke the appearance of a cloudy spot, but most often an eyesore in a dog appears as a result of:

tumors growing in the eyeball;
age-related changes (elderly dogs);
autoimmune diseases;
congenital pathologies (non-closing eyelid);
diseases leading to disorders and inflammatory processes in the tissue of the eyeball;
entropion of the eyelid;
injuries resulting in the formation of ulcers on the cornea of the eye;
unsuccessful surgery;
exposure to various poisons and chemicals on the organs of vision.

Eye diseases often require a mandatory examination by a veterinarian, since the risk of severe and irreversible consequences is very high, up to and including complete blindness of the dog.

Causes of blepharospasm in dogs

Blepharospasm is not a separate disease, but one of the symptoms of ophthalmological diseases of various etiologies and genesis.

Causes of blepharospasm:

Constant mechanical impact on the eye;
Injuries, bruises, traumatic brain injuries;
Presence of a foreign body in the eye;
Blepharitis;
Dry eye syndrome;
Incorrect eyelash growth;
Inflammation, damage to the facial nerve (neuritis);
Inflammatory processes in the auricle;
Intoxication;
Frequent stress, emotional stress;
Hypovitaminosis;
Tumor-like formations in the skull, compressing the nerves;
Allergic manifestations, mycoses;
Breed predisposition;
Inflammation of the trigeminal nerve;
Congenital, acquired neurological pathologies, diseases;
Inflammation of the parotid gland.

Often, blepharospasm in dogs is a reflex reaction to eye pain (protective blepharospasm).

The cause of secondary blepharospasm in dogs can be traumatic (traumatic neuritis), vascular, infectious, viral-bacterial infections, and invasive diseases.

Important! Blepharospasm is often detected in the following dog breeds: Dogue de Bordeaux, mastiffs, bullmastiffs, Shar Peis, English bulldogs, French bulldogs.

Spastic contractions of the periocular muscle are noted against the background of diseases of the mucous membranes of the eyelids and ophthalmological ailments. Blepharospasm is a symptom of conjunctivitis, blepharitis, volvulus, prolapse, eyelid loss. The pathological syndrome can be caused by inflammation of the oral mucosa and nasopharynx.

It also happens that while on a walk, a dog is bitten by an insect. The pet begins to intensively scratch its eye with its paw and causes an infection. Inflammation develops, which often becomes the impetus for this disease.

Types of blepharitis in dogs

As a result, the eyelids may roll in and out. Blepharitis comes in several forms.

The simplest of them, “scaly blepharitis,” is characterized by severe redness of the eyelids, and greyish-white scales appear from the epidermis at the base of the eyelashes. Usually this form accompanies conjunctivitis.
Ulcerative blepharitis in dogs is noticeable as purulent crusts on the swollen eyelids. These crusts hide the ulcerative bleeding surface, and the affected hair follicles of the eyelashes begin to fall out. The edges of the eyelids begin to smooth out, turn in and turn out, the eyelids itch and tears flow profusely.
Meibomian blepharitis is associated with hypersecretion of the meibomian glands. Their secretion enters the conjunctival cavity, where inflammation begins. In this case, the edges of the eyelids become very thick and purulent inflammation occurs.
Furunculous blepharitis or stye most often occurs as a result of bruising or scratching of the eyelids. It can also occur with scabies or eczema on the eyelids. With this form, glands profusely rot along the edge of the eyelids.

Treatment of blepharitis in dogs

For treatment to be successful, it is necessary to establish the cause of inflammation and be sure to eliminate it. Then all the scales are removed from the edge of the eyelids, and these places are degreased with a mixture of alcohol and ether (1 to 1). After this, an eye ointment selected by a veterinarian is placed under the eyelid.

This may be syntomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, calendula or other ointment. After this, the eyelids need to be gently massaged for 5 minutes. For staphylococcal or other viral infections, antibiotics and painkillers may be prescribed.

If blepharitis has become chronic, intravenous injections of novocaine or calcium chloride may be prescribed. Externally, the edges of the eyelids should be treated daily with a one percent solution of brilliant green or a two percent solution of silver nitrate. For ulcerative blepharitis, the crusts are softened with sterile petroleum jelly, and after removing the crusts, the eyelids are burned with alcohol.

Causes of blepharitis in dogs

The occurrence of inflammation of the eyelids is associated with allergies and pathologies that are detected at birth. For example, this includes abnormal phenomena with eyelashes - an additional row of eyelashes is formed behind the growing ones. Blepharitis in dogs can occur in dogs with wrinkles on the face. Other reasons include:

Digestive dysfunction;
Various skin diseases;
Difficulties in the system of regulation of the activity of internal organs through hormones;
Diseases that are associated with an excess of glucocorticoid hormones;
Impaired glucose metabolism.

The mucous membrane that covers the entire back surface of the eyelids can become inflamed. The outer layer includes hair follicles, connective tissue, and meibomian glands.

In addition to those mentioned above, there are other prerequisites. For example, an animal is constantly in a room where there is a lot of dust. Staphylococcus is also considered a factor in the development of eye disease.

The cause of blepharitis is considered to be fungal and viral infections. Various diseases, for example, demodicosis, also cause the appearance of an inflammatory nature of the disease. The disease can be a consequence of prolonged poor nutrition, which lacks any vitamins. When the disease is advanced, eyelashes and hair in the affected area may fall out.